The Director's Playbook: Running Engineering at Scale
Managing a single team is hard. Managing multiple teams across different projects, clients, and time zones is a different kind of hard. The skills that made you a good engineering manager do not automatically make you a good director.
This is what I have learned running engineering at scale—the frameworks, the mistakes, and the counterintuitive lessons that took years to internalize.
The Fundamental Shift
As an individual contributor, you ship code. As a manager, you ship teams. As a director, you ship systems—the organizational machinery that produces good teams and good code without your direct involvement.
This shift requires letting go:
- You cannot review every PR. You must trust your tech leads.
- You cannot attend every standup. You must trust your managers.
- You cannot make every technical decision. You must trust your architects.
Your job is to ensure the right people are in the right roles, with the right context, and the right support. Then get out of the way.
Structuring Teams Across Engagements
I typically oversee 10-15 concurrent client engagements. Here is how I structure for scale:
The pod model: Each engagement has a dedicated pod with a tech lead, 2-5 engineers, and clear ownership. Pods are self-sufficient for day-to-day decisions. They escalate to me only for cross-cutting concerns or resource conflicts.
Shared services: Some capabilities span engagements: DevOps, security, architecture review. These live in horizontal teams that consult across pods. They do not own delivery; they enable it.
The rotation principle: Engineers should not stay on the same engagement forever. Rotation spreads knowledge, prevents burnout, and builds organizational resilience. I target 12-18 month tenures with overlap for knowledge transfer.
The Say/Do Ratio
The single most important metric I track is the say/do ratio: did the team deliver what they said they would deliver?
High-performing teams have a say/do ratio close to 1.0. They might commit to less than low-performing teams, but they deliver consistently. Consistency builds trust—with clients, with leadership, and within the team.
Low-performing teams over-promise and under-deliver. They commit to heroic goals and miss them. Each miss erodes trust. Eventually, nobody believes their estimates, and planning becomes fiction.
When I see a low say/do ratio, I do not push for more output. I push for more realistic commitments. A team that delivers 80% of a modest plan is healthier than a team that delivers 50% of an ambitious one.
Managing Engineers You Do Not Manage
As a director, most engineers in your organization do not report to you directly. You influence through their managers. This requires a different toolkit:
- Skip-levels: I meet with every engineer at least quarterly, without their manager present. These are not performance reviews—they are listening sessions. What is working? What is frustrating? What do they need?
- Office hours: I hold open time each week where anyone can drop in. No agenda required. This surfaces issues that would never make it through formal channels.
- Technical visibility: I stay close enough to the code to ask good questions. I review architecture documents, attend design reviews, and occasionally read PRs. I cannot be expert in everything, but I can be conversant.
- Public recognition: When teams do excellent work, I make noise about it. Recognition from skip-level leadership carries weight. Use it generously.
The Information Diet
At scale, you cannot process all the information flowing through your organization. You must be intentional about what you consume:
What I monitor continuously:
- Delivery metrics (say/do ratio, velocity trends, escaped defects)
- Team health signals (attrition, engagement scores, escalation frequency)
- Client satisfaction (NPS, renewal signals, executive feedback)
What I review weekly:
- Project status summaries from managers
- Technical decisions with cross-cutting implications
- Resource allocation and capacity planning
What I dive into on-demand:
- Specific incidents or escalations
- Deep technical reviews for critical systems
- Career conversations for high-potential individuals
The goal is to see the forest without losing the ability to examine trees when needed.
Decision Rights
Clarity about who decides what prevents both bottlenecks and chaos. I use a simple framework:
- Team decides: Implementation details, sprint commitments, internal tooling choices. No escalation needed.
- Tech lead decides: Architecture within the engagement, technical hiring, code standards. Inform me; do not ask permission.
- Manager decides: Resource allocation within their portfolio, performance ratings, promotion nominations. I review but rarely override.
- Director decides: Cross-engagement resource moves, senior hiring, vendor relationships, organizational structure changes. I own these.
When decisions are made at the wrong level—either too high or too low—I correct the process, not just the decision.
Building Bench Strength
The most important thing I do is develop future leaders. My job is to make myself replaceable.
- Identify potential early. Who takes initiative? Who do others go to for help? Who handles ambiguity well?
- Stretch assignments. Put high-potentials in roles slightly beyond their current capability. Support them heavily. Watch them grow.
- Explicit succession planning. For every critical role, I know who could step in tomorrow and who could step in with 6 months of development.
- Sponsor, not just mentor. Mentors give advice. Sponsors put their reputation on the line to create opportunities. Be a sponsor.
The Lonely Parts
Leadership at scale has isolating moments that nobody prepares you for:
- You cannot vent to your team. Your anxiety becomes their anxiety.
- You make decisions with incomplete information and live with the consequences.
- You see problems before they are visible to others, and sometimes you cannot explain why you are worried.
- You deliver hard feedback that changes careers and relationships.
Find peers outside your organization. Build a support network of other directors and VPs who understand the role. You need people you can be honest with.
What I Wish I Knew Earlier
A few lessons that took too long to learn:
- Your calendar is your strategy. Where you spend time signals what you value. Be intentional.
- Slow down to speed up. Taking time to align on goals prevents weeks of wasted effort later.
- People leave managers, not companies. Invest disproportionately in developing your managers.
- Your job is not to be right. Your job is to ensure the organization makes good decisions. Sometimes that means advocating for someone else's better idea.
- Energy is finite. Protect your capacity for the decisions that only you can make. Delegate everything else ruthlessly.